Dark Energy and Normalization of the Cosmological Wave Function

Dark energy is investigated from the perspective of quantum cosmology. It is found that, together with an appropriate normal ordering factor $q$, only when there is dark energy then can the cosmological wave function be normalized. This interesting observation may require further attention.Comment: Title changed, match the published versio

Roles of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles in cardiovascular disease: A new paradigm for drug discovery

Epidemiological results revealed that there is an inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Mounting evidence supports that HDLs are atheroprotective, therefore, many therapeutic approaches have been developed to increase HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Nevertheless, HDL-raising therapies, such as cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors, failed to ameliorate cardiovascular outcomes in clinical trials, thereby casting doubt on the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by increasing HDL-C levels. Therefore, HDL-targeted interventional studies were shifted to increasing the number of HDL particles capable of promoting ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-mediated cholesterol efflux. One such approach was the development of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) particles that promote ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from lipid-enriched macrophages. Here, we explore the manipulation of rHDL nanoparticles as a strategy for the treatment of CVD. In addition, we discuss technological capabilities and the challenge of relating preclinical in vivo mice research to clinical studies. Finally, by drawing lessons from developing rHDL nanoparticles, we also incorporate the viabilities and advantages of the development of a molecular imaging probe with HDL nanoparticles when applied to ASCVD, as well as gaps in technology and knowledge required for putting the HDL-targeted therapeutics into full gear

On bilipschitz extensions in real Banach spaces

Suppose that $E$ and $E'$ denote real Banach spaces with dimension at least 2, that $D\not=E$ and $D'\not=E'$ are bounded domains with connected boundaries, that $f: D\to D'$ is an $M$-QH homeomorphism, and that $D'$ is uniform. The main aim of this paper is to prove that $f$ extends to a homeomorphism \bar \bar{D}\to \bar{D}' and $\bar{f}|\partial D$ is bilipschitz if and only if $f$ is bilipschitz in $\bar{D}$. The answer to some open problem of V\"ais\"al\"a is affirmative under an natural additional condition.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1105.468